Face Recognition Security Software

A quick Google search turned up a number of projects in early development, and a couple of commercial systems with price tags in the hundreds of dollars (presumably for enterprise-level applications).

Of course, you do know biometrics are a bit of a joke, and nowhere near as secure and reliable as a good password, right? You can fool 2D facial recognition apps with a photograph. Fingerprint scanners can be fooled by a piece of tape with a lifted fingerprint, or a piece of damp paper with a photocopy of the person's fingerprint. Voice recognition software can be fooled by a digital voice recorder with a decent speaker.

And all of them will fail due to normal bodily changes. Gain or lose a few pounds, or wear a bit more or less makeup than usual, and the facial recognition software might not recognize your face. Get a cut or burn on your finger, and the fingerprint scanner won't let you log in to your computer. Catch a cold or laryngitis, and neither will voice recognition software.

On the other hand, if a password is at least eight characters, includes numbers and/or special characters, and is something you can easily remember, it will always work, and is very secure as long as you keep it in your head.

SELinux

A maioria dos métodos de autenticação de controle de acesso são arbitrários. O dono do objeto (seja um programa ou dado) pode alterar as permissões para outras pessoas e grupos.
Anos atrás, a Agência de Segurança Nacional (NSA) criou um projeto para aplicar “Mandatory Access Control” (MAC) dentro do kernel Linux. Este projeto ficou conhecido como “Security Enhanced Linux” ou “SELinux”. O MAC reforça as políticas de segurança que limitam o que um usuário ou programa pode fazer, e quais arquivos, portas, aparelhos e diretórios um programa ou usuário pode acessar.
SELinux tem três modos: “Desabilitado”, “Permissivo” e “Execução”. No modo “Desabilitado” nada é feito. Neste modo você tem as políticas configuradas e prontas, mas não ativas. O modo “Permissivo” registra as violações da política em arquivos de log para que você possa verificar ou monitorar. No modo “Execução” qualquer violação da política de segurança será contida.
SELinux utiliza cerca de 5 a 10% do desempenho do sistema quando no modo de Execução ou Permissivo.
Da mesma forma, o SELinux pode ser executado em uma política de “Orientada” ou “Estrita”. A política “Orientada” significa que os controles MAC apenas se aplicam a determinados processos. A “Estrita” significa que os controles MAC se aplicam a todos os processos. As pessoas devem ser advertidas de que o uso indiscriminado da política “Estrita” do SELinux pode tornar o sistema praticamente inutilizável para alguns usuários. Tem que haver um compromisso de manter o sistema seguro, mas permitindo que os usuários façam o seu trabalho.
Argumenta-se que o SELinux é um “exagero” em um sistema de um único usuário, mas com modernos exploits e o poder do “sistemas de um único usuário”, podemos encontrar mais e mais aplicações do SELinux em um desktop de um único usuário.

Ubuntu Maverick development updates

For last 2 hours, I dug through all the mails from ubuntu mailing lists, esp the announcements related to development, recalled many changes which I heard in last week or two and penned them down.

• Ubuntu Maverick Meerkat Alpha 1 released with Linux Kernel 2.6.34-5  #
• Ubuntu sparc and IA64 ports are candidates for decommissioning unless someone comes up to take the responsibility of maintaining it. #
• Maverick won’t run on processors below i686 #
• DebianImportFreeze on June 24th, Alpha 2 will come on July 1st #
• On Alpha 1 alternate, creation of encrypted /home is broken #
• Shotwell replaces F-Spot as Image organizer #
• Daniel Holbach invites everyone for Operation Cleansweep. It aims to bring down bugs with patches down to 0(zero) by the time of Maverick release. #
• Ubuntu User Days has been postponed till July 10th, 2010 #
• Jono Bacon has invited interested people to come forward and take over Acire and PyJunior development #
• Maverick rebased to Kernel 2.6.35-rc1 # # # (Status: Maverick (ogasawara) section)
• Maverick will be getting 1.8 X Server due to which all drivers need to be rebuilt. It might break X when upgrading. Later in the cycle X will be upgraded to 1.9 #
• Chromium is default for Ubuntu Netbook Remix #
• Martin Pitt has a page for burn-down chart and work progress for Maverick Alpha 2 #
• Lots of Software Center UI enhancements on the way #

• Next Ubuntu Hug Day targets Gnome Games to be held on June 10th. 68 New bugs, 28 Incomplete and 14 Confirmed. #
• Aptitude has been removed. Though it is still available in repos. #

Ubuntu: luckyBackup a powerful, fast and reliable backup & sync tool

The main goal of luckyBackup, as its name states, is the creation of backups of your data.

Somebody once said:

“ if you haven't backed up your data is like not having them at all !! ”

That is because, based at the laws of probability, some time, for some reason, something will happen and you will lose valuable data. Another guy once said:

“ computer users can be divided into 2 categories:

Those that have lost data

...and those that have not lost data YET ”

I really wish you to never come to that situation.

But if you do, then I hope that you backed up your data the very last minute either by using this application or not :-)

luckyBackup is an application for data back-up and synchronization powered by the rsync tool.

It is simple to use, fast (transfers over only changes made and not all data), safe (keeps your data safe by checking all declared directories before proceeding in any data manipulation ), reliable and fully customizable.

On Ubuntu, line command, type:

$ sudo apt-get install luckybackup

After that, go on Applications->System menu...

Ubuntu 10.04 - Abrir terminal numa determinada pasta

As vezes é necessário abrir o terminal numa determinada pasta, que por acaso estamos trabalhando nela. Ora, em vez de abrir o terminal e navegar até essa pasta não seria melhor abrir o terminal logo nessa pasta?

Isso é possível com o pacote nautilus-open-terminal que faz aparecer mais uma opção quando é clicada a tecla direita do mouse numa pasta. (screenshot acima)


Para instalar o nautilus-open-terminal, veja abaixo:

$ sudo apt-get install nautilus-open-terminal

How to Convert M4A to MP3 in Linux

M4A is a popular digital audio format, most prolifically employed as the native format of iTunes. M4As can be either "lossy", meaning they give up some audio quality to shrink the file size, or "lossless", meaning they retain all the quality of, say, a Compact Disc. MP3 is the most famous and widely-used lossy digital audio format. By using the open source Sound Converter software, M4As can easily be converted into MP3 in Linux.

Difficulty: Moderately Easy

Instructions

Step 1

Use your Linux distribution's package manager to install Sound Converter and the necessary plugin (gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse) that enables MP3 encoding. Each package manager is different, but the following steps explain the process in Synaptic Package Manager, which is used by the very popular Ubuntu, as well as all Debian-based Linux flavors.

Alternatively, you can visit the Sound Converter website and web page that distributes the plugin and simply download and install the software. (See Resources.)

If not running Ubuntu or another Debian-based distribution, skip to Step 5.

Step 2

Click "System->Administration->Synaptic Package Manager."

When the program opens, enter "Sound Converter" in the Quick Search box. Sort the list of search results by clicking the "Package" header, then find "soundconverter" in the list. Click the checkbox to the left of "soundconverter," then click "Mark for Installation." If asked to install other required packages or perform other tasks to properly install the software, click "Mark," "Apply," or equivalent.

Step 3

Enter "gstreamer" in the Quick Search box. Sort the list of search results by clicking the "Package" header, then find "gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse" in the list. (The number in the file name can be different.) Click the checkbox to the left of "gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse," then click "Mark for Installation." If asked to install other required packages or perform other tasks to properly install the software, click "Mark," "Apply" or equivalent.

Step 4

Click "Apply" in the program's toolbar. Click "Apply" again in the dialogue box that pops up and Synaptic Package Manager will install the software.

Step 5

Run Sound Converter. When the program opens, click the "Add File" button if you want to convert a single file or a group of selected, specific files; click the "Add Folder" button if you want to convert an entire folder's worth of files at once.

Step 6

Browse to and select the file(s) or folder you want to convert, then click "Open." Your file(s) will be added to the conversion list.

Click "Edit->Preferences." In the "Type of result?" section, select the MP3 file format; you can also adjust the quality of your MP3s, if you wish. Click "Close."

Step 7

Click the "Convert" button in the program toolbar and Sound Converter will convert your M4As into MP3, placing them into the same folder as the originals.

Ubuntu 10.04 / Gnome 2.30 - Barra de localização "editável" do Nautilus

Foi lançada a nova versão do Ubuntu, 10.04 LTS - Lucid Lynx, com o Gnome 2.30.0.

Gostei que o Nautilus, que agora vem com opção de um painel de navegação extra (F3), mas a barra de localização por onde podemos digitar caminhos (diretórios) a percorrer com recurso de autocompletar não é padrão (default) e nem aparece o ícone para trocar o tipo de navegação: digitando caminhos ou clicando em botões como nomes dos diretórios. Para habilitar isso, temos duas opções:

a) Basta dar Ctrl + L -- O Ctrl+L funciona, mas, a cada sessão aberta do Nautilus, têm-se que repetir esse comando.

b) Pode-se fazer isso pelo Gconf-editor. Dê um Alt+F2, digite: gconf-editor. Abra (na "cruzinha") apps, depois nautilus e, por último, preferences. Aí, é só marcar a opção "always_use_location_entry". Pronto.

Ubuntu: Revert to traditional boot splash in 9.10

I don’t know about you, but I don’t like the boot splash that comes with the new Ubuntu 9.10.  It feels unfinished and sort of random.  First there’s the black screen with white logo, then a black screen, then a glowing white Ubuntu logo and throbber on a turdy-brown background, fading into the desktop.  There’s no progress bar any more.  I liked the old way better.  Here’s how to change it back.
First we’ll disable xsplash, which is responsible for the glowing white-on-poo logo screen.  We will need to edit two files, /etc/gdm/Init/Default and /etc/gdm/PreSession/Default.  Open the first one for editing, as root:

gksu gedit /etc/gdm/Init/Default

In that file, look for these lines:

if [ -x '/usr/bin/xsplash' ];
then
/usr/bin/xsplash –daemon
fi

…and comment them out like so:

#if [ -x '/usr/bin/xsplash' ];
#then
#/usr/bin/xsplash –daemon
#fi

Save the file, then do the same to /etc/gdm/PreSession/Default.
Now we need to install and activate the old-style usplash theme.  In terminal:

sudo apt-get install startupmanager usplash-theme-ubuntu-color

Then run Startup Manager (System>Administration>StartUp-Manager).  In the Boot Options tab, make sure Show Boot Splash is selected; in the Appearance tab, select the usplash-theme-ubuntu-color theme.  Close Startup Manager, wait for it to finish its post-config tasks, and reboot.  You should see the familiar Ubuntu boot splash and startup behavior as it was in Jaunty.
If you get no boot splash at all, run Startup Manager again and check to be sure Show Boot Splash is selected; then note the Display Resolution selected in the Boot Options tab.  In a text editor, open /etc/usplash.conf and verify that the resolution specified in that file is the same.  If it isn’t, change the file, save it, and reboot again to check for proper boot splash display.

original post

Celestia 3D Space Simulation Software For Linux / Windows / OS X

Celestia is a real-time visual space simulation astronomy program. It is a cross platform, open source software and released under the GNU General Public License. NASA and ESA have used Celestia in their educational and for interfacing to trajectory analysis software. It allows users to travel through an extensive universe, modeled after reality, at any speed, in any direction and at any time in history. Celestia displays and interacts with objects ranging in scale from artificial satellites to entire galaxies in three dimensions using OpenGL. It is a perfect software for astronomer, educator, student, and teacher for astronomy purpose.

Features

1. Celestia displays the Hipparcos Catalogue (HIP) of almost 120,000 stars.
2. Solar and lunar eclipse finder.
3. Display the orbital paths of planets (including extrasolar planets), dwarf planets, moons, asteroids, comets, artificial satellites, and spacecraft.
4. Celestia users can travel/fly through the Celestia universe using simple keyboard controls, at any speed from 0.001m/s to millions of light years/s
   Controls allow users to orbit stars, planets, moons and other space objects, track space objects such as spacecraft, asteroids and comets as they fly by, or travel to and/or fly through nebula and irregular, elliptical and spiral galaxies (over 10,000 galaxies included).
5. Celestia displays such features as detailed atmospheres on planets and moons, planet shine on orbiting satellites, sunsets and sunrises, moving clouds, planetary rings, eclipse and ring shadows etc.
6. Graphic screen-shots and movies can be captured in classic or HD resolutions (up to 1920x1080) on Windows and Linux platforms.

Packages

You need to install the following packages:

1. celestia - A real-time visual space simulation
2. celestia-common - Datafiles for Celestia, a real-time visual space simulation
3. celestia-glut - A real-time visual space simulation (GLUT frontend)
4. celestia-gnome - A real-time visual space simulation (GNOME frontend)
5. celestia-kde - A real-time visual space simulation (KDE frontend)

Install Celestia Under Debian / Ubuntu Linux

Type the following commands:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install celestia-gnome celestia

How do I start Celestia?

Type the following command at a console (terminal):
$ celestia-gnome &
Alternatively, you can start Celestia in the following ways:

• Applications menu
• Choose Education > Celestia

Fig.01: Celestia displaying earth

Celestia Mouse, Keyboard and Joystick Controls

Celestia allows you to zoom in / out and rotate various objects from star to spacecraft using a mouse. It has "point and goto" interface which allows you to navigate through our universe.

Mouse Controls	Description
Left Drag	Camera orientation--Up/Down/Left/Right (also Up & Down arrow key)
Shift+Left Dbl Click on an object	Deselect and Center selected object
Left Click on no object	Deselect currently selected object
Right Click on an object	Display object context menu if it has one
Scroll Wheel or Ctrl+Left Drag or Ctrl+Left Drag Left+Right Drag up/down	Distance to selection adjust. (Home/End)

To see complet list press CTRL+H.

How do I view demo?

To view the demo click on Help menu > Demo.

Further readings:

• Official project website
• Celestia motherlode collection of add-ons made by various people
• Celestia from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

(Image credit: Wikipedia)

[video] Mark Shuttleworth Anuncia o Ubuntu 10.04: Lucid Lynx

"Para o Atlanta Linux Fest 2009 e UbuCon Atlanta 2009, Mark foi gentil o bastante para sentar-se connosco e anunciar o Ubuntu 10.04: Lucid Lynx."

Se vc nao pode vê-lo, clique aqui.

Assista ao vídeo no YouTube.

Post Original aqui.

Kernel Modules in Haskell

If you love Haskell and Linux then today is your day – today we reconcile the two and allow you to write Linux Kernel modules in Haskell. By making GHC and the Linux build system meet in the middle we can have modules that are type safe and garbage collected. Using the copy of GHC modified for the House operating system as a base, it turns out to be relatively simple to make the modifications necessary to generate object files for the Kernel environment. Additionally, a new calling convention (regparm3) was added to make it easier to import (and export) functions from the Kernel.

I haven’t made a dry run through all these instructions, but have done each part at separate times and believe them correct – feel free to comment with bug reports!

Building GHC to Make Object files for Linux Modules
Start by downloading the House 0.8.93 [1]. Use the build system to acquire ghc-6.8.2 and apply the House patches. The House patches allow GHC to compile Haskell binaries that will run on bare metal (x86) without an underlying operating system, so this makes a good starting point.

 > wget http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~kennyg/house/House-0.8.93.tar.bz2
 > tar xjf House-0.8.93.tar.bz2
 > cd House-0.8.93
 > make boot
 > make stamp-patch

Now acquire the extra patch which changes the RTS to use the proper Kernel calls, instead of allocating its own memory, and to respect the current interrupt level. This patch also changes the build options to avoid common area blocks for uninitilized data (-fno-common) and use frame pointers (-fno-omit-frame-pointers).

 > wget https://projects.cecs.pdx.edu/~dubuisst/hghc.patch
 > patch -d ghc-6.8.2 -p1 < hghc.patch
       > make stamp-configure
 > make stamp-ghc       # makes ghc stage 1

Next, build a custom libgmp with the -fno-common flag set. This library is needed for the Integer support in Haskell.

 > wget ftp://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/gmp/gmp-4.3.1.tar.bz2
 > tar xjf gmp-4.3.1.tar.bz2
 > cd gmp-4.3.1
 > ./configure
 # edit 'Makefile' and add '-fno-common' to the end of the 'CFLAGS = ' line.
 > make
 > cp .libs/libgmp.a $HOUSE_DIR/support

Apply ’support.patch’ to alter the build systems of the libtiny_{c,gcc,gmp}.a and build the libraries.

 > wget https://projects.cecs.pdx.edu/~dubuisst/support.patch
 > patch -d $HOUSE_DIR < support.patch
 > make -C $HOUSE_DIR/support

Build the cbits object files:

 > make -C $HOUSE_DIR/kernel cobjs

In preparation for the final linking, which is done manually, pick a working directory ($WDIR) that will serve to hold the needed libraries. Make some last minute modifications to the archives and copy libHSrts.a, libcbits.a, libtiny_gmp.a, libtiny_c.a, and libtiny_gcc.a

 > mkdir $WDIR
 > ar d support/libtiny_c.a dlmalloc.o  # dlmalloc assumes it manages all memory
 > ar q $WDIR/libcbits.a kernel/cbits/*.o
 > cp ghc-6.8.2/rts/libHSrts.a support/libtiny_{c,gcc,gmp}.a $WDIR

Build a Kernel Module

First, write the C shim that will be read by the Linux build system. While it might be possible to avoid C entirely its easier to use the build system, and its plethora of macros, than fight it. The basic components of the shim are a license declaration, function prototypes for the imported (Haskell) functions, initialization, and exit functions. All these can be seen in the example hello.c [2].

Notice that many of the standard C functions in the GHC RTS were not changed by our patches. To allow the RTS to perform key actions, such as malloc and free, the hello.c file includes shim functions such as ‘malloc’ which simply calls ‘kmalloc’. Any derivative module you make should include these functions either in the main C file or a supporting one.

Second, write a Haskell module and export the initialization and exit function so the C module may call them. Feel free to import kernel functions, just be sure to use the ‘regparm3′ key word in place of ‘ccall’ or ’stdcall’. For example:

 foreign import regparm3 unsafe foo :: CString -> IO CInt
 foreign export regparm3 hello :: IO CInt

Continuing the example started by hello.c, ‘hsHello.hs’ is online [3].

Now start building the object files. Starting with building hsHello.o, you must execute:

        > $HOUSE_DIR/ghc-6.8.2/compiler/stage1/ghc-inplace -B$HOUSE_DIR/ghc-6.8.2  hsHello.hs -c

* note that this step will generate or overwrite any hsHello_stub.c file.

When GHC generates C code for exported functions there is an implicit assumption that the program will be compiled by GHC. As a result the nursery and most the RTS systems are not initialized so the proper function calls must be added to hsHello_stub.c.

Add the funcion call “startupHaskell(0, NULL, NULL);” before rts_lock() in the initializing Haskell function. Similarly, add a call to “hs_exit_nowait()” after rts_unlock().

The stub may now be compiled, producing hsHello_stub.o. This is done below via hghc, which is an alias for our version of ghc with many flags [4].

 > hghc hsHello_stub.c -c

The remaining object files, hello.o and module_name.mod.o, can be created by the Linux build system. The necessary make file should contain the following:

 obj-m := module.o  # Obviously you should name the module as you see fit
 module-objs := hello.o

And the make command (assuming the kernel source is in /usr/src/kernels/):

 > make -C /usr/src/kernels/2.6.29.6-217.2.16.fc11.i586 M=`pwd` modules

This should make “hello.o” and “module.mod.o”. Everything can now be linked together with a single ld command.

 > ld -r -m elf_i386 -o module.ko hsHello_stub.o hsHello.o module.mod.o hello.o *.a libcbits.a

A successful build should not have any common block variables and the only undefined symbols should be provided by the kernel, meaning you should recognize said functions. As a result, the first command below should not result in output while the second should be minimal.

 > nm module.ko | egrep “^ +C ”
 > nm module.ko | egrep “^ +U ”
         U __kmalloc
         U kfree
         U krealloc
         U mcount
         U printk

Known Issue
The House-GHC 6.8.2 run-time system (RTS) does not clean up the allocated memory on shutdown, so adding and removing kernel modules results in large memory leaks which can eventually crash the system. This should be relatively easy to fix, but little investigation was done.

A good estimate of the memory leak is the number of megabytes in the heap (probably 1MB, unless your module needs lots of memory) plus 14 bytes of randomly leaked memory from two unidentified (6 and 8 byte) allocations.

[1] http://web.cecs.pdx.edu/~kennyg/house/
[2] https://projects.cecs.pdx.edu/~dubuisst/hello.c
[3] https://projects.cecs.pdx.edu/~dubuisst/hsHello.hs
[4] $HOUSE_DIR/ghc-6.8.2/compiler/stage1/ghc-inplace -B$HOUSE_DIR/ghc-6.8.2 -optc-fno-common -optc-Wa,symbolic -optc-static-libgcc -optc-nostdlib -optc-I/usr/src/kernels/2.6.29.6-213.fc11.i586/arch/x86/include/ -optc-MD -optc-mno-sse -optc-mno-mmx -optc-mno-sse2 -optc-mno-3dnow -optc-Wframe-larger-than=1024 -optc-fno-stack-protector -optc-fno-optimize-sibling-calls -optc-g -optc-fno-dwarf2-cfi-asm -optc-Wno-pointer-sign -optc-fwrapv -optc-fno-strict-aliasing -I/usr/src/kernels/2.6.29.6-213.fc11.i586/include/ -optc-mpreferred-stack-boundary=2 -optc-march=i586 -optc-Wa,-mtune=generic32 -optc-ffreestanding -optc-mtune=generic -optc-fno-asynchronous-unwind-tables -optc-pg -optc-fno-omit-frame-pointer -fvia-c

Kuki: distribuição Linux sob medida para netbooks Acer Aspire One, baseada no Ubuntu

Trecho da notícia do iG Tecnologia:

(…) Baseado no Ubuntu, o Kuki Linux 2.8 é um sistema leve, com uma seleção otimizada de aplicativos peso-pena. Entre eles, o navegador web Midori, o mensageiro instantâneo Pidgin, o cliente de e-mail Claws, o Deluge, para baixar arquivos por BitTorrent, e o calendário/organizador pessoal Orage. O ambiente de usuário escolhido, pelo seu baixo consumo de memória, foi o XFCE 4.6.1, com um tema personalizado. O XFCE é bastante modificável para ficar semelhante tanto ao Windows como ao Mac OS X. A idéia dos desenvolvedores é dar ao usuário o máximo de recursos, com o menor consumo possível de memória e poder de processamento.

O suporte ao hardware específico do Aspire One também recebeu atenção: itens como controle do ventilador para dissipação de calor, gerenciamento de energia, drivers de vídeo, do modem 3G e leitores de cartões de memória vem pré-configurados.

O Kuki Linux 2.8 pode ser baixado gratuitamente no site oficial, na forma de um arquivo ISO de 399 MB. O arquivo pode ser gravado em CD ou em um pendrive, e usado para instalação ou para uma sessão “Live CD”, que permite experimentar o sistema sem instalá-lo na máquina. Segundo os desenvolvedores, usuários novatos poderão encontrar suporte na forma de salas de bate-papo, fóruns de discussão e tutoriais em vídeo no site oficial. (via tecnologia.ig.com.br)

Ubuntu Linux 9.04 - Download CD/DVD

Ubuntu Linux 9.04 has been released and available for download. Ubuntu Linux is a community-based Linux distribution. The latest release of Ubuntu brings the best open source technologies together on one platform, with the benefit of free updates for 18 months. Also announced were the simultaneous releases of Ubuntu 9.04 Server Edition and Ubuntu 9.04 Netbook Remix (UNR).

From the website:

Ubuntu 9.04 Desktop Edition delivers a range of feature enhancements to improve the user experience. Shorter boot speeds, some as short as 25 seconds, ensure faster access to a full computing environment on most desktop, laptop and netbook models. Enhanced suspend-and-resume features also give users more time between charges along with immediate access after hibernation. Intelligent switching between Wi-Fi and 3G environments has been broadened to support more wireless devices and 3G cards, resulting in a smoother experience for most users.

What's new in Ubuntu 9.04

* Ubuntu 9.04 includes the latest GNOME 2.26 desktop environment.
* Brasero is now the default disc burning utility in Nautilus.
* The latest X.Org server, version 1.6, is available in Jaunty. The latest Mesa 3D DRI, version 7.4, is also available.
* Included in Jaunty is a simple menu which can be used to set preferences for notification icons, such as where they pop up on the taskbar.
* A number of improvements to the Ubuntu start-up process bring significantly improved boot performance to Ubuntu 9.04.
* Linux kernel 2.6.28.
* Ext4 filesystem support.

Ubuntu 9.04 Download

You can download Ubuntu Linux 9.04 via the web/ftp server or via BitTorrent (recommended).

32 bit vs 64 bit version

* For almost all PCs select 32 bit version. For e.g., most machines with Intel/AMD/etc type processors and almost all computers that run Microsoft Windows, as well as newer Apple Macintosh systems based on Intel processors.
* Choose 64 bit version to take full advantage of computers based on the AMD64 or EM64T architecture (e.g., Athlon64, Opteron, EM64T Xeon, Core 2). If you have a non-64-bit processor made by AMD, or if you need full support for 32-bit code, use the Intel x86 images instead.

Ubuntu 9.04 Desktop DVD ISO download

* Visit mirror to download Ubuntu ISO image 32 bit i386 DVD ISO (4.2 GB)
* Visit mirror to download Ubuntu ISO images 64 bit DVD ISO (4.3 GB)

Ubuntu download: Ubuntu 9.04 Desktop CD ISO download

* Download Ubuntu Linux Desktop 9.04 CD 32 bit i386 (697M)
* Download Ubuntu Linux Desktop 9.04 CD 64 bit (697M)

Ubuntu Linux 9.04 DVD ISO BitTorrent download

Ubuntu Desktop 9.04 DVD ISO BitTorrent download

* Download from BitTorrent i386 32 bit Desktop DVD (requires a BitTorrent client)
* Download from BitTorrent 64 bit Desktop DVD (requires a BitTorrent client)

Ubuntu Server 9.04 DVD ISO BitTorrent download

* Download from BitTorrent i386 32 bit DVD (requires a BitTorrent client)
* Download from BitTorrent 64 bit DVD (requires a BitTorrent client)

Ubuntu download: Ubuntu 9.04 Server CD ISO download

* Download server install CD 32 bit ISO (637M)
* Download server install CD 64 bit ISO (653M)

Upgrading Ubuntu Linux using the Network ( Internet )

* Please see step-by-step Ubuntu Linux 9.04 server upgrade and desktop upgrade FAQ / tutorial.